站長資訊網Vue如何操作dom？下面本篇文章給大家介紹一下Vue3中操作dom的四種方式，希望給大家有所幫助！
前端（vue）入門到精通課程：進入學習
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最近產品經理提出了很多用戶體驗優化的需求，涉及到很多dom的操作。
小張：“老鐵，本來開發Vue2項目操作dom挺簡單的，現在開發vue3項目，突然感覺一頭霧水！”
我：“沒事，原理都差不多，查查資料應該沒問題的！”
至此將Vue3中dom操作常見的幾種方式總結一下！（學習視頻分享：vue視頻教程）
通過ref直接拿到dom引用
<template> <div> <div ref="sectionRef"></div> </div> </template> <script setup> import {ref} from 'vue' const sectionRef = ref() </script>
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通過對div元素添加了ref屬性，為了獲取到這個元素，我們聲明了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變量sectionRef，然后我們通過 sectionRef.value 的形式即可獲取該div元素。
適用場景
單一dom元素或者個數較少的場景
示例代碼
<template> <div> <p>通過ref直接拿到dom</p> <div ref="sectionRef"></div> <button @click="higherAction">變高</button> </div> </template> <script setup> import {ref} from 'vue' const sectionRef = ref() let height = 100; const higherAction = () => { height += 50; sectionRef.value.style = `height: ${height}px`; } </script> <style scoped> .demo1-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .ref-section { width: 200px; height: 100px; background-color: pink; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; } .btn { width: 200px; height: 50px; background-color: gray; color: #fff; margin-top: 100px; } } </style>
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通過父容器的ref遍歷拿到dom引用
<template> <div> <div ref="listRef"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' const listRef = ref()
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通過對父元素添加了ref屬性，并聲明了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變量listRef，此時通過listRef.value會獲得包含子元素的dom對象
此時可以通過listRef.value.children[index]的形式獲取子元素dom
適用場景
通過v-for循環生成的固定數量元素的場景
示例代碼
<template> <div> <p>通過父容器遍歷拿到dom</p> <div ref="listRef"> <div @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { ref, reactive } from 'vue' const listRef = ref() const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] }) const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = listRef.value.children[index].style.height ? listRef.value.children[index].style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); listRef.value.children[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; } </script> <style scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } } } </style>
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通過:ref將dom引用放到數組中
<template> <div> <div> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el); } </script>
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通過:ref循環調用setRefAction方法，該方法會默認接收一個el參數，這個參數就是我們需要獲取的div元素
此時可以通過state.refList[index]的形式獲取子元素dom
適用場景
通過v-for循環生成的不固定數量或者多種元素的場景
示例代碼
<template> <div> <p>通過:ref將dom引用放到數組中</p> <div> <div :ref="setRefAction" @click="higherAction(index)" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const higherAction = (index: number) => { let height = state.refList[index].style.height ? state.refList[index].style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); state.refList[index].style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; console.log(state.refList[index]); } const setRefAction = (el: any) => { state.refList.push(el); } </script> <style scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; .list-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } } } </style>
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通過子組件emit傳遞ref
<template> <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </template> <script setup> import {ref} from 'vue'; const props = defineProps({ item: Number }) const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); const cellRef = ref(); const cellAction = () => { emit('cellTap', cellRef.value); } </script>
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通過對子組件添加了ref屬性，并聲明了一個與ref屬性名稱相同的變量cellRef，此時可以通過emit將cellRef.value作為一個dom引用傳遞出去
適用場景
多個頁面都可能有操作組件dom的場景
示例代碼
<template> <div ref="cellRef" @click="cellAction"> <span>{{item}}</span> </div> </template> <script setup> import {ref} from 'vue'; const props = defineProps({ item: Number }) const emit = defineEmits(['cellTap']); const cellRef = ref(); const cellAction = () => { emit('cellTap', cellRef.value); } </script> <style scoped> .cell-item { width: 200px; height: 20px; background-color: pink; color: #333; transition: all .5s ease-in-out; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; } </style>
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<template> <div> <p>通過子組件emit傳遞ref</p> <div> <Cell :item="item" @cellTap="cellTapHandler" v-for="(item, index) in state.list" :key="index"> </Cell> </div> </div> </template> <script setup> import { reactive } from 'vue' import Cell from '@/components/Cell.vue' const state = reactive({ list: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], refList: [] as Array<any> }) const cellTapHandler = (el: any) => { let height = el.style.height ? el.style.height : '20px'; height = Number(height.replace('px', '')); el.style = `height: ${height + 20}px`; } </script> <style scoped> .demo2-container { width: 100%; height: 100%; .list-section { width: 200px; } } </style>
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